Dissemination of findings for the future
Knowledge and creativity in domestic and international research in criminology, criminal law and crime policy.
Research carried out by the Institute covers the most different areas of crime and criminal justice, and this brief presentation provides only a summary overview of fields of research and objects of studies within them:
The Institute of Criminology was founded in 1954 and is one of the oldest criminological institutes in Europe and the world. The institute’s researchers have so far conducted hundreds of studies in the broad fields of criminology and criminal law, philosophy of punishment and supervision, sociology, psychology, economics and related sciences, and today they actively participate in the Slovenian, European and global research space, which is reflected in connections with research organizations and decision-makers in the Republic of Slovenia, in consortia in the European research space and visiting the best foreign universities and research institutes, such as the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford, ETH Zurich, the Max Planck Institute in Freiburg, Cardozo School of Law in New York, Birkbeck College in London and many others. We cultivate active ties with related institutes and universities in the Western Balkans.
Criminal law and criminal justice
Problems of recidivism; sentencing dispositions imposed on mentally abnormal offenders; recidivism in penal and administrative law; sentencing practice of the Slovenian courts; criminal law protection of property in different legal systems; criminal liability of doctors and other medical staff in contemporary criminal law systems; the position of mentally abnormal offenders in contemporary criminal law; application of criminological diagnoses in Yugoslavia; economic offences in a positive criminal law and the need of reform; the role of public prosecutor and defence lawyer in criminal proceedings involving juveniles; analysis of penalties provided for by the criminal code and those imposed on offenders by courts; protection of the right to privacy in penal law; criminal law aspects of political crimes; participation of citizens in criminal justice; legal remedies in criminal proceedings; system analysis of pre-trial and criminal proceedings; repression and public opinion; legal and criminological aspects of sentencing; international criminal law; legal aspects of drug-related crimes; police, public prosecutors and the success within criminal investigations; basic principles of criminal procedure law in the digital age; psychological mechanisms in criminal justice; automated justice in criminal justice systems.
Criminal policy
Problems of crime prevention; relationship between criminological research and criminal policy; criminal policy within the road traffic; criminal policy problems in Slovenia and proposed solutions.
Criminal phenomenology
The incidence of assault and battery in one of the Slovenian regions; comparison of property offences in Yugoslavia, Austria and Poland; homicides in Slovenia; shoplifting in self-service stores; prediction of deviant phenomena up to the year 2000; recidivism in Slovenia; bankruptcies and other economic crime connected with the processes of transition; economic crime connected with the privatisation of socially-owned property; hate speech on online social networks in Slovenia; sexual offences and the (Slovenian) concept of force in defining rape; crime rates in the COVID-19 pandemic.
Penology and implementation of penal sanctions
Selection of convicts to serve prison sentences in open prison regimes; classification of prisoners in Slovenia; organization of transitional homes for convicts after serving prison sentences; evaluation of probation in Slovenia; organization of support services for former convicts; comparison of the execution of prison sentences in France and Yugoslavia; execution of prison sentences in open regimes of prison institutions in Slovenia; execution of short-term prison sentences in Slovenia; work in prison; rights in prison and their protection in Slovenia; penological aspects of recidivism; services of social services for adult convicts; capacity of correctional institutions; living and working conditions of detained persons and persons serving prison sentences in Slovenia; social climate in prison institutions.
Social Control
Mechanisms of formal social control; school as a mechanism of social control; informal social control and its operation; ideology and control; mechanisms and the operation of institutionalised non-state control; ideological control and political violence; regulating privacy, transparency, secrecy and other competing values in the 21st century; similarities and differences between de iure incriminated (legally forbidden) or de facto criminalized behaviour patterns and other, apparently normal, “natural” or “socially acceptable” activities; human rights and regulation of trustworthy artificial intelligence; crime control in the digital age.
Juvenile delinquency and juvenile justice
Living conditions of juvenile delinquents; crime prevention and elementary schoolchildren; placement of juveniles in a foster family or an institution; ways of dealing with juvenile delinquency in Poland and in Yugoslavia; juvenile delinquents from two different cultures; treatment of young adult offenders in Slovenia; problems of juvenile gangs; rehabilitation of juveniles in Ljubljana, Slovenia; juvenile delinquents’ evaluation of criminal proceedings and implementation of juvenile measures; an experiment of rehabilitation of maladjusted and delinquent youth ; disposal of juvenile delinquency cases and implementation of juvenile measures in Ljubljana; absconding from juvenile institutions; the role of social work in juvenile justice; action research with juvenile delinquent gangs; prevention of juvenile delinquency in local communities; a system of society’s reaction to youth deviance; a new concept of residential treatment of disturbed children and juveniles; disciplinary punishment and prevention of violence in schools.
Children’s rights
Attitudes of students and teachers towards children’s rights in school and at home; psychological rights of children; legal aspects of children’s rights; protection of children’s rights in schools.
Social pathology and deviancy
Social, psychological and health characteristics of delinquent and non-delinquent alcoholics; sociopathological phenomena in the society and their prevention; the incidence of suicides in Slovenia; social disorganisation and its influence on sociopathological phenomena; perception of deviance in Ljubljana; concentration of deviant phenomena in Ljubljana; historical view of crime and deviance 100 years ago.
Victimology
Restitution to victims of crime; exploration of hidden crime in Slovenia; a role of the involved bystanders in the criminogenesis; legal, medical and social welfare aspects of child maltreatment; the Dachau trials and the victims of these staged trials; UN victimisation survey – situation in Slovenia; institutional treatment of maltreated, abused and neglected children; victims of domestic violence, especially violence against women and children.
Criminalistics and crime investigation
Fact-finding process in criminal investigation and truth-finding process in criminalistics; criminalistic and criminal law aspects of shoplifting in self-service stores; criminalistic and legal aspects of interviews with suspects.
Research policy of the institute has been based on the assessment of the relevant social problems on the one hand, and on the current criminological trends in the world, on the other. In tracing the main directions and guidelines of research work, the institute has to take into consideration also the needs of agencies and organs dealing with crime and deviance. In this connection, it is necessary to mention the role of the Steering Committee of the Institute of Criminology, composed of the members of the institute, its founder University of Ljubljana and representatives of criminal justice agencies (Ministry of Justice and Ministry of the Interior). In planning its research activities, the institute has to take proposals and suggestions of the Steering Committee into consideration, discuss them and formulate its research policy also in accordance with the needs uttered by the representatives of these agencies.

